Irina Lazarevna Ščerbakova (Mosca, 1949), laureata in germanistica a Mosca nel 1972, ha insegnato nell'Università statale russa di Scienze umane a Mosca fino al 2006. Storica e scrittrice, studiosa della storia moderna della Russia, è tra i fondatori di Memorial, l'associazione considerata nel 2016 "agente straniero" dal ministero della Giustizia russo e co-premiata nel 2022 con il Nobel per la pace insieme al Centro per le libertà civili in Ucraina e l'attivista bielorusso Ales' Bjaljacki. Nel 2014 ha ricevuto l'Ossietzky Award (Carl von Ossietsky Prize for Contemporary History and Politics) e nel 2017 la Goethe Medal.
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